Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) use sensors and computers to sense what?

The correct answer is that anti-lock braking systems (ABS) use sensors and computers to sense potential wheel lock-up. ABS is designed to prevent the wheels from locking during emergency or hard braking situations, which helps maintain the vehicle's steering control. The sensors monitor the speed of each wheel, and if one wheel begins to slow down significantly more than the others, the system recognizes this as a potential lock-up.

When a potential lock-up is detected, the ABS modulates the brake pressure to that wheel, allowing it to continue rotating while still applying the braking force. This modulation helps avoid skidding and allows the driver to maintain directional control, significantly improving safety during sudden stops.

The other options, while relevant to vehicle performance and safety, do not directly pertain to the primary function of ABS. For instance, while roadway surface conditions can affect vehicle handling, ABS itself is focused on the individual wheel speeds rather than the overall surface. Brake wear and condition are monitored by other systems, and ABS does not specifically track driver reaction times; its purpose is to enhance braking effectiveness during critical situations.